MySQL安装

2019-01-02 2021-06-18 约 972 字预计阅读 2 分钟条评论

MySQL 是最好的 RDBMS(Relational Database Management System:关系数据库管理系统)应用软件之一。

1 编译安装

环境：CentOS 7 64位

本教程安装MySQL是通过编译过的二进制文件进行安装。是不针对特定平台的通用安装方法，使用的二进制文件是后缀为.tar.gz的压缩文件

1.1 下载并解压

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wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

解压缩到/usr/local/下面，mysql的主目录命名为mysql

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tar zxf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

1.2 卸载mariadb

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yum -y remove mariadb-libs.x86_64

1.3 创建数据目录

在mysql下面创建数据库文件目录

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mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/{data,logs}
touch /usr/local/mysql/logs/error.log

1.4 创建用户

创建mysql的用户组和用户，并对mysql目录设置用户组和用户

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groupadd --system mysql
useradd --system -g mysql -d /usr/lib/mysql -s /sbin/nologin -c "Mysql server" mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

1.5 配置my.cnf

配置简单的my.cnf

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vi /etc/my.cnf

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[client]
port      = 3306
socket    = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock	#套接字文件
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysqld]
port      = 3306
user      = mysql
pid-file  = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid	#pid文件
socket    = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock	#套接字文件，客户端需与服务端一致
basedir   = /usr/local/mysql	#Mysql安装路径
datadir   = /usr/local/mysql/data	#Mysql数据存放路径
log-error = /usr/local/mysql/logs/error.log	#mysql生成的错误日志
tmpdir    = /tmp
character_set_server = utf8mb4	#默认字符集
collation_server = utf8mb4_bin	#默认排序规则
default-time-zone = '+08:00'	#默认时区
default-storage-engine=INNODB	#默认存储引擎INNODB
lower_case_table_names=1	#不区分大小写
log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/logs/mysql-bin	#二进制日志，binlog用于记录用户对数据库操作的SQL语句信息
expire_logs_days = 30 #保留30天
max_binlog_size = 100M	#binlog每个日志文件大小
#master
server-id = 1
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash	#命令补全
default-character-set = utf8mb4

1.6 初始化

初始化mysql并启动mysql服务

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yum -y install libaio

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cd /usr/local/mysql
./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

在log-error中可以看到临时密码

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grep 'temporary password' /usr/local/mysql/logs/error.log

1.6.1 创建RSA private key

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./bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

1.7 配置服务并启动

配置服务，使用systemctl管理

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vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service

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[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(5.7)
Documentation=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Alias=mysql.service

[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid
# Disable service start and stop timeout logic of systemd for mysqld service.
TimeoutSec=5
# Execute pre and post scripts as root
PermissionsStartOnly=true
# Start main service
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid
Restart=on-failure
RestartPreventExitStatus=1
PrivateTmp=false

1.7.1 启动

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systemctl start mysql.service

1.7.2 配置环境变量

将MySQL命令添加环境变量

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#set mysql environment
export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=${PATH}:${MYSQL_HOME}/bin

source /etc/profile

使用临时密码登陆并修改密码

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mysql -uroot -p

修改MySQL的root密码，新密码在此为’root'

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mysql> set password=password('root');

设定远程登录MySQL。在Linux下为了安全，默认是不允许MySQL本机以外的机器访问MySQL数据库服务，因此需要重新授权root。方便远程访问。

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mysql> use mysql;
mysql> select Host,User from user;
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@'%' identified by 'root';
mysql> flush privileges;

2 容器启动

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docker run -d \
    --name mysql \
	-e MYSQL_DATABASE=db \
	-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root \
	-e TZ=Asia/Shanghai \
	-v /data/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql \
	mysql:5.7.32 \
	--skip-ssl \
	--default-time-zone=+8:00 \
	--lower_case_table_names=1 \
	--character-set-server=utf8mb4 \
	--collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci \
	--sql-mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION